F o r   t h e   C o m m u t e r

RIDERSHIP STATISTICS

Buses operated 62% of vehicle miles. Other options commuters used were heavy rail (15%), demand response (14%), and commuter rail (7%) (APTA 77).

BUS LINES In Fairfield County

CTTRANSIT

• The CTTRANSIT in Fairfield county services Greenwich, Stamford, Darien and Norwalk. During FY 1998, CTTRANSIT has made 3,120,186 trips, a 3.8% increase from FY 1997. (For more information, contact CTTRANSIT at 1-203-327-7433

  Norwalk Transit
  

• Norwalk Transit services Norwalk, Westport and Wilton. During FY 1998, this bus line has made 1,132,300 trips, compared with 1,132,126 trips in FY 1997. (For more information, contact 1-203-852-0000)

  Housatonic Area Regional Transit (HART)
  

• HART services Bethel, Brookfield, Danbury and New Milford. This service has made 754,000 trips during FY 1998. (For more information, contact 1-203-755-4070)

  Greater Bridgeport Transit District
  

• The Greater Bridgeport Transit District services Bridgeport, Trumbull, Stratford, Fairfield and Shelton. This bus service has made 3,537,250 trips during FY 1998, a 5.46% increase from FY 1997. (For more information, contact 203 333-3031.)

BUS LINES In New Haven County:

• CTTRANSIT in New Haven County services Branford, Derby, East Haven, Guilford, Hamden, Madison, Milford, New Haven, North Branford, Orange and West Haven. This service has made 9,318,389 trips during FY 1998. (For more information, contact 1-203-624-0151.)

  Milford Transit District
  

• This bus line services Milford, and has made 240,000 trips during FY 1998. (For more information, contact 1-203 874-4507.)

  Northeast Transportation Company
  

• This bus line services Waterbury, Meriden, and Wallingford. This bus service has made 900,000 trips during FY 1998. (For more information, contact 1-800-441-8901.)

  DATTCo -Route S
  

• This bus line services New Haven to Madison along Route 1. This bus serivce has made 70,000 trips during FY 1998. (For more information, contact 1-800-229-4879.)

BUS LINES In New York State:

Bee-Line

• This bus line services Southern and Northern Westchester. This bus has made 29,520,000 trips during Calendar Year (CY) 1997, and trips are expected to increase by 1.1% in CY 1998. (For more information, contact 1-914-285-5484.)

  Transport of Rockland

• This bus line services Rockland County and Tappan ZEExpress. This bus has made 1,451,439 trips in CY 1997, a 1.66% increase from CY 1996. (For more information, contact 1-914-364-2077.)

  Dutchess LOOP

• This bus line services Dutchess County. During CY 1996, 636,595 trips were made, experiencing a 15.4% increase from CY 1995. In CY 1997, 724,120 trips were made, making another 12.1% leap from the previous year. (For more information, contact 1-914-473-0171.)

TRAIN LINES:

MTA Metro-North

• Metro-North's territory covers Westchester, Fairfield and New Haven Counties on the New Haven line, and Westchester, Putnam and Dutchess counties on the Harlem and Hudson lines. Metro-North is the second largest commuter railroad in the country, with a daily ridership of 218,000. (For more information, contact 1-800-METRO-INFO.)

  New Haven Line:
  

• Over 240 trains operate each weekday and over 130 trains operate on Saturdays and Sundays between New Haven, Waterbury, Danbury, New Canaan and New York City.

• Total intrastate travel along the Metro-North New Haven line has increased by nearly 40% during the past five years. Commutation travel, in particular, has increased 100% during this period.

STATISTICS ON THE EFFECTS OF TRANSPORTATION ON ENVIRONMENT

From Fact Sheet, MetroPool:

• The toxic effect of car emissions on wheat, corn, soybean, and peanuts - the four major US crops-results in annual crop yield losses of $1.9 to $4.5 billion.

• According to the US EPA, about 240 million gallons of oil are dumped into lakes and rivers by people who change their own oil. This accounts for 40% of the pollution in our nation's waterways.

• Almost everything we do contributes to air pollution. If half of Connecticut's drivers reduced their travel by just ten miles per day, the DEP estimates that emissions would be reduced by 97,000 tons a year, or 20%!

• A vanpool will reduce hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide by 80%.
• A bus will reduce hydrocarbon by 90%, carbon monoxide by 75%, and nitrous oxide by 10 - 15%.

• Using rail reduces hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide by 99%, and nitrous oxide by 60%.

(From MetroPool Fact Book)

• Motor vehicles release up to 90% of the CO (carbon monoxide) found in urban areas. CO is hazardous because of its effect of decreasing the capacity of our blood to carry oxygen.

• One person using mass transit for a year instead of driving to work saves the environment: 9.1 pounds of hydrocarbons, 62.5 pounds of carbon monoxide, and 4.5 pounds of nitrogen oxides.

  Nitrogen oxides cause damage to the lungs, and is a precursor of ozone, which trigger coughs and chest pain. Carbon monoxide restricts the blood's capacity to transport oxygen to tissues, resulting in dizziness, loss of coordination, and death. (from American Public Transit Association, APTA 1997 Transit Fact Book.)

From APTA Transit Fact Book:

• A bus with as few as seven passengers is more fuel efficient than the average single-occupant auto used for commuting (APTA 105).

• A single person commuting via transit instead of driving alone will save 200 gallons of gasoline in a year (APTA 105).

• A 10% increase in transit ridership in the five largest U.S. cities would save 85 million gallons of gasoline in a year (APTA 105).

• Transit uses less than 1 percent of the energy consumed in the U.S. (APTA 101)

Reduction of pollution in comparison to driving alone Mode

• Using Rail reduces hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide by 99% and nitrogen oxide by 60%.

• A bus will reduce hydrocarbons by 90%, carbon monoxide by 75% and nitrogen oxide by 10%-15%.

• A vanpool will reduce hydocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide by 80%.

http://www.bloomingtontransit.com/environ.htm


Pollution by Mode of Travel, grams per passenger mile Mode For typical work trips based on national average vehicle occupancy rates, pollutant emissions in grams per passenger mile are:

Mode	Hydrocarbons	Carbon Monoxide	Nitrgen Oxides
Electric Rail	0.01	0.02	0.47
Bus	0.20	3.05	1.54
Vanpool	.036	2.42	0.38
Carpool	0.70	5.02	0.69
Single/Person Auto	2.09	15.06	2.06

http://www.bloomingtontransit.com/environ.htm


Transportation uses 63% of all the oil used in this country

• U.S. oil imports exceeded 50% in 1994 for the first time in history.
• The earth will run out of affordable oil in 43-46 years if we continue to use oil at the same rate as today (We use 21.7 billion barrels/year, of the 1,000 billion barrels estimated in reserves).

[Source: U.S. Department of Energy / Energy Information Association, Crude Oil, Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquid Reserves, 1989. (Source: US DOE/EIA-1989).]

• Burning 1 gallon of gasoline yields 22 lbs. of carbon dioxide, the major greenhouse gas.
• Air pollution has been named the #1 health threat to Americans by the American Lung Association.
• Transportation causes up to 60-90% of urban air pollution, and 55% of the air pollution in the northeast.
• Transportation produces the following percentages of overall air pollutants in the U.S.:
• 30% of U.S. carbon dioxide - the greenhouse gas.
• 76% of carbon monoxide - causes suffocation and becomes the greenhouse gas.
• 41% of nitrous oxide (NOx) - creates ground level ozone and becomes nitric acid.
• 38% of hydrocarbons (methane and volatile organic compounds, VOC's) - creates ground level ozone and becomes hydrochloric acid, a major source of acid rain.
• 5% sulfur oxide (SOx) - becomes sulfuric acid, a major source of acid rain.
• 23% particulate emissions - causes respiratory diseases
• 25% of CFC emissions - destroys outer atmospheric ozone which protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays. (From URL: http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/petro/)